Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the majority of its population of nearly 1.4 million. Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO.
Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the 13th century. After centuries of foreign rule by the Teutonic Order, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and the Russian Empire, a distinct Estonian national identity gained new momentum with the Estonian national awakening in the mid-19th century. This culminated in the 1918 Estonian Declaration of Independence. Democratic throughout most of the interwar period, Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II, but the country was repeatedly invaded and occupied, and ultimately annexed into the USSR. Throughout the Soviet occupation, from World War II until 1991, Estonia's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile. Following the 1988–90 "Singing Revolution" against Soviet rule, full independence was restored on 20 August 1991.
Estonia is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and Eurozone membership. It is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic, administratively subdivided into 15 maakond (counties). Estonia is among the least corrupt countries in the world and ranks very highly in international rankings for education, human development, press freedom, digitalisation of public services, and the prevalence of technology companies. (Full article...)
The following are images from various Estonia-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1Hermann Castle, Narva, was one of the Teutonic Order's castles in Estonia. (from History of Estonia)
Image 2Public education systems founded during prior Swedish rule made Estonia and Finland the two most literate areas of Russian Empire (map of 1897 census literacy data) (from Culture of Estonia)
Image 3Comb Ceramic pottery at the Estonian History Museum (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 4Tartu University (Universität Dorpat) in 1860, during its 'Golden Age' (from History of Estonia)
Image 6Registration card for Estonian citizenship from 1989 (from History of Estonia)
Image 7Tallinn, 28 August 1941 (from History of Estonia)
Image 8Artifacts of the hoard from Kumna, Estonia (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 9The Swedish Empire, 1560–1815 (from History of Estonia)
Image 10A moment before the opening of the 25th Estonian Song Festival (2009) at the Tallinn Song Festival grounds. (from Culture of Estonia)
Image 11Estonian President Kersti Kaljulaid with Russian President Vladimir Putin in April 2019 (from History of Estonia)
Image 15Public education systems founded during prior Swedish rule made Estonia and Finland the two most literate areas of Russian Empire (map of 1897 census literacy data) (from History of Estonia)
Image 16Estonian Soviet politician Johannes Käbin led the Estonian Communist Party from 1950 to 1978 (from History of Estonia)
Image 17The Estonian Army High Command in 1920 (from History of Estonia)
Image 18Counties of Ancient Estonia in the beginning of the 13th century. (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 20Corded Ware culture pottery and stone axes at the Estonian History Museum. (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 21Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lindanise, 1219 (from History of Estonia)
Image 22Livonia, as shown in the map of 1573 of Joann Portantius (from History of Estonia)
Image 23Fragments of the Wanradt–Koell Catechism (1535), the first book printed in Estonian (from History of Estonia)
Image 24Soviet prison doors on display in the Museum of Occupations, Tallinn (from History of Estonia)
Image 26Stone cist graves from the Bronze Age in northern Estonia (from History of Estonia)
Image 28Estonian folk music performers dressed in 19th-century festive folk costumes (from Culture of Estonia)
Image 29Estonia's greatest territorial extent ever, reached during its War of Independence, marked by the light blue line on the map. (from History of Estonia)
Image 30Outline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (from History of Estonia)
Image 31Livonian Confederation in the 15th century (from History of Estonia)
Image 33Ancient Estonia until 21 September 1217 (from History of Estonia)
Image 34Tools made by Kunda culture, the Estonian History Museum (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 35Varbola ruins (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 36Tools made by Kunda culture, the Estonian History Museum (from History of Estonia)
Image 37Comb Ceramic pottery at the Estonian History Museum (from History of Estonia)
Image 38From Dirham hoards in Estonia, 8th–11th centuries. (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 39Map of Varbola Stronghold by L. A. Mellin (from History of Estonia)
Image 40Europe in the 9th century (from History of Estonia)
Image 42Corded Ware culture pottery and stone axes, at the EHM (from History of Estonia)
Image 43Stone Cist Graves from The Bronze Age in Northern Estonia (from Ancient Estonia)
Image 44Toompea castle – the seat of the Riigikogu (from History of Estonia)
Image 45Estonian farmers drinking (vodka) in an inn, by Oskar Hoffmann (painter), 1899. (from Culture of Estonia)
Image 46Europe in 19th century (from History of Estonia)
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Estonia Buildings and structures in Estonia Organizations based in Estonia
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- Chiara Badii (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Majochka (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2025-06-08, score: 30
- Maëlys Laporte (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Maniakilljoy97 (talk · contribs · new pages (17)) started on 2025-06-08, score: 20
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- Marina Cortelles (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Maniakilljoy97 (talk · contribs · new pages (17)) started on 2025-06-08, score: 20
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- Requests: Please add these missing articles to Wikipedia by clicking on their red links and adding information about them. Make sure to cite all of your sources! To make an Estonia-related article request, add it here and also to Wikipedia:Requested articles.
Buddhism in Estonia (part of Religion in Estonia) · Conscription in Estonia (part of Military of Estonia) · Environment of Estonia (vs Geography of Estonia and Nature of Estonia) · Marriage in Estonia · Women's football in Estonia (part of Football in Estonia), More...
- Tasks: Classify and rate unassessed articles
- Join: WikiProject Estonia
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