List of even-toed ungulates by population

This is a list of even-toed ungulate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all ungulates have had their numbers quantified.

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
SaolaPseudoryx nghetinhensis<750CRMaximum estimate. No individuals in captivity. Wild population highly dispersed, and subpopulations fragmented with numbers of mature individuals below the minimum viable population. Foremost threatened by hunting.
Pygmy hogPorcula salvania250ENMaximum estimate for mature individuals.
Bawean deerAxis kuhlii200–500CREstimates are for the wild population only; may reach as high as 500.
AddaxAddax nasomaculatus30–90CRMaximum estimate for the wild.
TamarawBubalus mindorensis300CR
Togian babirusaBabyrousa togeanensis500ENMaximum estimate.
Walia ibexCapra walie500VU
Dama gazelleNanger dama500CRMaximum estimate.
HirolaBeatragus hunteri500–2000CRMay be much lower.
Anhui musk deerMoschus anhuiensis700–800ENMost recent estimate was in 1998.
Przewalski's gazelleProcapra przewalskii700–800ENCould be underestimated.
Persian fallow deerDama mesopotamica715ENPreviously thought to be extinct.
Wild Bactrian camelCamelus ferus950CRThe latest estimate for the population of the Wild Camel was conducted in 2008.
South Andean deerHippocamelus bisulcus1048–1500EN
Calamian deerAxis calamianensis1123EN1994 estimate; has almost certainly decreased.
Abbott's duikerCephalophus spadix1500ENMaximum estimate.
Cuvier's gazelleGazella cuvieri1750–2950VUunknown
Nilgiri tahrNilgiritragus hylocrius1800–2000ENLast estimate for the Nilgiri Tahr was conducted in 2008.
Pygmy hippopotamusChoeropsis liberiensis2000–3000ENEstimate is from 1993; numbers have probably shrunk.
Mountain anoaBubalus quarlesi2500ENMaximum estimate.
Rhim gazelleGazella leptoceros2500ENEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Visayan spotted deerRusa alfredi2500ENMaximum estimate.
Mountain nyalaTragelaphus buxtoni2500–4000EN2500 is a maximum estimate from 1999, but recent work has shown numbers may be as high as 4000.
European bisonBison bonasus3200NTIncludes 1400 semi-domestic animals and 1800 wild. Semi-domestic numbers are likely underestimated.
Chacoan peccaryCatagonus wagneri3200ENEstimate was made in 2002; wide-scale deforestation of their habitat began in 2003.
Wild water buffaloBubalus arnee3400EN
Jentink's duikerCephalophus jentinki3500ENMaximum estimate; may be less than 2000.
BarasinghaRucervus duvaucelii3500–5100VU
Nile lechweKobus megaceros4291EN
Small red brocketMazama bororo4500VUMaximum estimate.
Arabian tahrArabitragus jayakari5000ENMaximum estimate.
West Caucasian turCapra caucasica4000–5000EN
Barbary sheepAmmotragus lervia5000–10000VU
BeiraDorcatragus megalotis7000VU
Arabian oryxOryx leucoryx7000–8000VU6000–7000 in captivity and c. 1000 in the wild.
Hairy-fronted muntjacMuntiacus crinifrons7000–8500VUMost recent estimate was in 1998.
BantengBos javanicus8000ENMaximum estimate; may be fewer than 5000. Numbers do not include the non-purebred domestic variety.
MarkhorCapra falconeri9700NTEstimate includes approximately 900 animals assumed to live in areas for which data is unavailable.
Nubian ibexCapra nubiana5000VUEstimate for mature individuals only due to some areas lacking population estimates.
Southern pudúPudu puda10000NTMaximum estimate.
Red goralNaemorhedus baileyi10000VUMaximum estimate for mature individuals.
Four-horned antelopeTetracerus quadricornis10000VU
Javan rusaRusa timorensis10000VUMaximum estimate for mature individuals.
TarucaHippocamelus antisensis12000–17000VU
GaurBos gaurus13000–30000VU
Soemmerring's gazelleNanger soemmerringii14000VU
Mountain gazelleGazella gazella15000ENMaximum estimate.
Wild yakBos mutus15000VUEstimate is from 1995.
Giant elandTragelaphus derbianus15000–20000VU
Black wildebeestConnochaetes gnou18000LCMinimum estimate (11000 wild and 7000 semi-domesticated).
Grey rhebokPelea capreolus18000NT
Harvey's duikerCephalophus harveyi20000LCNumbers may be overestimated.
Pampas deerOzotoceros bezoarticus20000–80000NT
Red-fronted gazelleEudorcas rufifrons25000VU
Zebra duikerCephalophus zebra28000VUCould be overestimated; may be less than 15000.
BongoTragelaphus eurycerus28000NTTwo subspecies: Mountain (75–140) and Lowland (28000).
Alpine ibexCapra ibex30000LCWas as low as 100 individuals in the 1800s.
Silver dik-dikMadoqua piacentinii30000DDPossibly overestimated.
NyalaTragelaphus angasii32000LC
Ogilby's duikerCephalophus ogilbyi35000LC
OkapiOkapia johnstoni35000–50000EN
Mountain reedbuckRedunca fulvorufula36000ENMinimum estimate, divided into three subspecies: Southern (33000), Chanler's (2900), and Western (450).
Red forest duikerCephalophus natalensis42000LCNumbers may be underestimated.
KlipspringerOreotragus oreotragus42000LCEstimate is considered conservative.
BlackbuckAntilope cervicapra50000NTNumbers have increased from 20000–24000 in the 1970s.
Spanish ibexCapra pyrenaica50000LCNumbered only c. 7900 in the early 1990s.
Royal antelopeNeotragus pygmaeus62000LCPossibly underestimated.
East African oryxOryx beisa67000ENDivided into two subspecies: Beisa (50000) and Fringe-eared (17000).
Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis 70000LC Estimate was made in 2010.
Southern reedbuckRedunca arundinum73000LC
Sable antelopeHippotragus niger75000LC
Roan antelopeHippotragus equinus76000LC
Mountain goatOreamnos americanus80000–119000LC
GerenukLitocranius walleri95000NT
Sharpe's grysbokRaphicerus sharpei95000LCDifficult to study due to the animal's nocturnal nature; numbers may be underestimated.
Japanese serowCapricornis crispus100000LC
Black duikerCephalophus niger100000LC
Bohor reedbuckRedunca redunca101000LCProbably underestimated.
Wild goat Capra aegagrus 110000 NT Minimum estimate, due to lacking population data in some areas.
Dall sheepOvis dalli111500–116500LCConsists of approximately 41500 sheep in Canada and between 70000 and 75000 animals in the United States.
HippopotamusHippopotamus amphibius115000–130000VU
Lesser kuduTragelaphus imberbis118000NTMinimum estimate.
Goitered gazelleGazella subgutturosa120000–140000VU
PukuKobus vardonii130000NT
MuskoxOvibos moschatus135000LCEstimate includes 75400 animals in the Northwest Territories, 45300 in Nunavut, 3714 in Alaska, and between 9500 and 12500 in Greenland.
Common elandTragelaphus oryx136000LC
Yellow-backed duikerCephalophus silvicultor160000NT
Saiga antelopeSaiga tatarica165000NTNumbers stood at 1250000 in the mid-1970s.
Red-flanked duikerCephalophus rufilatus170000LC
SitatungaTragelaphus spekii170000LCYet-to-be-published research suggests the population has been overestimated.
Siberian ibex Capra sibirica 170000–250000NT
Weyns's duikerCephalophus weynsi188000LC
WaterbuckKobus ellipsiprymnus200000LCAbout 95000 of the Defassa subspecies and 105000 of the Common.
LechweKobus leche212000NTCombined numbers of three subspecies: Red (98000), Kafue (78000), and Black (36000).
Bates's pygmy antelopeNeotragus batesi219000LC
Water chevrotainHyemoschus aquaticus278000LC
White-bellied duikerCephalophus leucogaster287000NT
Black-fronted duikerCephalophus nigrifrons300000LC
VicuñaVicugna vicugna350000LC
Grant's gazelleNanger granti350000LC
HartebeestAlcelaphus buselaphus362000LC
SuniNesotragus moschatus365000LC
GemsbokOryx gazella373000LC
Peters's duikerCephalophus callipygus382000LC
Greater kuduTragelaphus strepsiceros482000LC
Salt's dik-dikMadoqua saltiana485600LC
Günther's dik-dikMadoqua guentheri511000LC
American bisonBison bison530000NTIncludes 500000 semi-domestic animals and 30000 wild (19000 plains bison and 11000 wood bison).
Thomson's gazelleEudorcas thomsonii550000LC
SteenbokRaphicerus campestris600000LCConsidered an underestimate.
PronghornAntilocapra americana700000LCNumbered over 35000000 in the early 1800s and as little as 20000 in the early 1920s.
Bay duikerCephalophus dorsalis725000NT
OribiOurebia ourebi750000LC
African buffaloSyncerus caffer890000NTConsidered conservative. Divided into four subspecies: West African Savanna (27000), Central African Savanna (133000), Southern Savanna (670000), and Forest (60000).
Kirk's dik-dikMadoqua kirkii971000LC
Siberian roe deerCapreolus pygargus1000000LCAbout 500000 were hunted annually in Russia in the 1800s.
BushbuckTragelaphus scriptus1340000LCEstimate is considered conservative.
GuanacoLama guanicoe1000000LC
MooseAlces alces1500000LC
Blue wildebeestConnochaetes taurinus1550000LC
Common duikerSylvicapra grimmia1660000LCConsidered extremely conservative; yet-to-be-published research shows it may number as high as 10000000.
ImpalaAepyceros melampus2000000LC
SpringbokAntidorcas marsupialis2000000–2500000LC
Maxwell's duikerPhilantomba maxwellii2137000LCQuite possibly underestimated.
Mongolian gazelleProcapra gutturosa2140000LCUnknownEstimate has dropped from 2700000 since 1998.
Blue duikerPhilantomba monticola7000000LCEstimate is considered conservative.
White-tailed deerOdocoileus virginianus11500000LCEstimated population in the United States and Canada only, with estimate of 11000000 in the US considered a minimum.
Water buffaloBubalus bubalis172000000Domesticatedincl. 3200000 Carabao in the Philippines
Domestic goatCapra hircus850000000Domesticated
CattleBos taurus1500000000Domesticated
Domestic pigSus domesticus1000000000Domesticated
Domestic sheepOvis aries1000000000Domesticated
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