This list includes the Roman names of countries, or significant regions, known to the Roman Empire.
| Latin Name | English Name |
| Achaea | Greece |
| Africa | Tunisia |
| Aegyptus | Egypt |
| Aethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Albania | Georgia, Azerbaijan |
| Anatolia
| Turkey (East) |
| Anglia | England |
| Arabia | Arabian Peninsula |
| Ariana | Afghanistan, Iran (East) and Central Asia (West) |
| Armenia | Armenia |
| Armorica | Brittany |
| Asia | Turkey (West) |
| Baetica | Andalusia |
| Batavia | Part of the Netherlands |
| Belgae | Belgium and the Netherlands |
| Bithynia | Turkey (North West) |
| Bohemia | Bohemia |
| Borussia | Prussia |
| Britannia | Britain |
| Caledonia | Scotland |
| Cambria | Wales |
| Cilicia | Turkey (South East) |
| Colchis | Georgia (Western) |
| Cornubia | Cornwall |
| Creta | Crete |
| Cyprus | Cyprus |
| Cyrenaica | Libya (East) |
| Dacia | Romania, Moldova |
| Dalmatia | Montenegro |
| Dania | Denmark |
| Dalmatia | Croatia (South), Bosnia and Herzegovina (West and South) |
| D(i)ocle(ti)a | Montenegro |
| Dumnonia | Devon |
| Epirus | Epirus: composed of the Albanian South and Greek Epirus |
| Finnia | Finland |
| Foenicia or Phoenicia | Lebanon |
| Formosa | Taiwan |
| Galatia | Turkey (Central) |
| Gallaecia | Galicia and Portugal (North) |
| Gallia | France |
| Germania | Germany |
| Graecia | Greece |
| Helvetia
| Switzerland |
| Hibernia | Ireland |
| Hispania | Spain |
| Hungaria | Hungary |
| Iberia | Iberian Peninsula |
| Iberia | Georgia (Eastern) |
| India | India and the Indian subcontinent |
| Islandia | Iceland |
| Illyria, Illyricum | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (South), Serbia (South West), Montenegro, Albania (North West) |
| Italia | Italy |
| Iudaea | Judea, Israel |
| Lappia | Lapland |
| Lechia, Polonia | Poland |
| Libani | Lebanon |
| Libya | Libya (Eastern), Egypt (Western) |
| Lituania | Belarus, Lithuania |
| Livonia | Estonia and Latvia |
| Lusitania | Portugal (Central and South) |
| Macedonia | Macedonia, Greek Macedonia |
| Mauretania | Morocco (North), Algeria (North West) |
| Melitae, Melitensium, Melitensis | Malta |
| Meridia |
South Pacific |
| Moesia | Bulgaria, Serbia |
| Moravia | Moravia |
| Noricum | mainly Austria (South) and Slovenia (North) |
| Norvegia | Norway |
| Numidia | Algeria (North East) |
| Palaestina | Palestine |
| Pannonia | Hungary, Croatia (North), Slovenia (North East) |
| Parthia | Iran |
| Phoenicia | Lebanon |
| Pontus | Turkey (North East) |
| Raetia | Switzerland (North) |
| Ruthenia | Russia, Ukraine, Belarus |
| Sarmatia | Eastern Europe: Poland, Ukraine, Russia |
| Scandinavia | Scandinavian Peninsula |
| Scotia | Ireland, Scotland |
| Scythia | Ukraine, South Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (East), Turkmenistan (North) |
| Scythia Minor | Dobruja |
| Seres, Sinae | China |
| Sicilia | Sicily |
| Silesia | Silesia |
| Suecia | Sweden |
| Syria | Syria |
| Taprobane | Sri Lanka |
| Tarraconensis | Spain (North East) |
| Thracia | Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey |
| Transylvania | Romania, Hungary |
| Tingitana | Morocco |
| Tripolitania | Libya |