LGBTQ history in Belgium
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) history in Belgium has evolved through the centuries. According to LGBTQ scholars Bart Eeckhout and David Paternotte, Belgium, which is considered a conservative nation, has developed into one of the world's most progressive and LGBTQ-friendly states. From the 16th century, Roman Catholic values influenced attitudes towards LGBTQ rights. Homosexuality and sodomy were criminalised and punished in Belgium, with gay men being put through conversion therapy by medical doctors and psychiatrists. Homosexuality was decriminalised in the 18th century, but sodomy remained punishable until the 19th century. Belgium developed into a more LGBTQ friendly state in the 21st century; Belgium's anti-discrimination law ensures that discrimination based on sexual orientation is illegal and introduced new transgender legal rights. In 2003, Belgium became the second country, after the Netherlands, to open civil marriage to same-sex couples, and granted same-sex couples the right to adopt in 2006. Belgium continues to provide asylum for individuals who may be persecuted for their sexuality and gender identity. The country has also implemented new education policies to combat school discrimination against LGBTQ people and has allowed IVF and artificial insemination to be available for same-sex couples. Belgium has also supported LGBTQ politicians and expression of LGBTQ values through art.
Social and political changes from the 19th - 21st century, such as the rise of secularisation and the sexual revolution, contributed to the development of LGBTQ movements, gay liberation groups and uncensored media, all of which were important in influencing change and acceptance of the LGBTQ population. Additionally, the debate around the importance of marriage and the fluctuating nature of the political system, and the transfer of power from conservative Christian Democrats to the more progressive six-party coalition resulted in new changes to legislation. However, setbacks such as the AIDS epidemic and discrimination during LGBTQ events has furthered fear and sentiment against certain LGBTQ members of the community.