Academic ranks (Portugal and Brazil)
| Academic ranks worldwide |
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Academic ranks in Portugal and Brazil are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.
As subtypes of professors the following are distinguished:
- Professor catedrático (Portugal) or Professor titular (Brazil): full professor; it is the highest faculty position
- Professor associado, professor adjunto, professor auxiliar: various intermediary professorship levels, roughly equivalent to associate professor or assistant professor – not to be confounded with adjunct professors –, depending on country and if it's a state or federal university; see country-specific sections below for details
- Professor substituto: a short-term contract for replacement of professors on maternity leave, sabbatical years or other temporary situations (e.g., postdoctoral license)
- Professor visitante: same as visiting professor; usually conducts research as an obligation from his/her contract and so is required to hold a PhD.