Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa

The proportions of various human Y-DNA haplogroups vary significantly from one ethnic or language group to another in Africa.

Data in the table below are based on genetic research. The second column designates linguistic affiliation of the sampled population (Semitic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo, etc.), the third column gives the total sample size studied, and the other columns indicate the percentage observed of particular haplogroups.

PopulationLanguage groupnABE1aE1b1aE1b1bE2JR1bTReference
Alur Nilo-Saharan 9 22 0 0 11 0 67 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Amhara (Ethiopia) Semitic 48 14.6 2.1 0 45.8 0 33.3 0 4.2 Hassan 2008
Bamileke Niger-Congo 85 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 Luis 2004
Bantus (Gabon) Niger-Congo 795 0.5 6.7 0.2 79.4 0.1 6.2 0 5.5 0 Berniell 2009
Bantus (Kenya) Niger-Congo 29 13.8 3.4 0 51.7 13.7 17.2 0 0 0 Hurles 2005
Bantus (Tanzania) Niger-Congo 110 2.7 9.1 48.2 21.8 16.4 0 0 1.8
Bantus (South Africa) Niger-Congo 137 5.1 10.9 0 54.7 4.4 21.2 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Bantus (South-Eastern) Niger-Congo 343 5.0 16.3 66.2 1.5 10.2 0 Naidoo 2010
Beja Cushitic 42 4.8 0 0 0 52.4 0 38.1 4.8 0 Hassan 2008
Benin (Fon) Niger-Congo 100 0 0 0 95 0 5 0 0 0 Luis 2004
Berbers Berber 64 3 0 2 5 80 0 6 0 0 Cruciani2002
Bissagos Islands Niger–Congo 21 76.2 14.3 Rosa 2007
Burkina Faso Niger–Congo 106 0 0.9 3.8 81.1 2.8 11.3 0 0 0 Cruciani2002
Burunge Cushitic 24 0 25 4 33 Tishkoff 2007
Cameroon (North) Niger-Congo 72 1.4 12.5 4.2 54.2 0 0 0 27.8 0 Cruciani2002
Cameroon (North) Chadic 54 1.8 3.7 0 13.0 3.7 7.4 0 70.4 0 Cruciani2002
Cameroon (South) Niger-Congo 89 0 5.6 0 93.3 0 0 0 1.1 0 Cruciani2002
R.D. Congo (East) Niger-Congo 36 2.8 0 0 63.9 13.9 19.4 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Copts (Sudan) Semitic 33 0 15.2 0 0 21.2 0 45.5 15.2 Hassan 2008
Cross River (Nigeria) Niger-Congo 1113 0 87 0 0 0 Veeramah2010
Datog Nilo-Saharan 35 3 3 11 54 Tishkoff 2007
Daza (Chad) Nilo-Saharan 11.1 5.6 33.3 44.4

Shriner 2018

Dinka Nilo-Saharan 26 62 23 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Dogon Dogon 55 1.8 7.3 45.5 43.6 0 1.8 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Ethiopians Semitic 242 17.8 0.8 0 48.8 0.4 26.9 0 3.7 Moran 2004
Ethiopian Jews Semitic 22 41 0 0 0 50 0 5 0 5 Cruciani2002
Fulbe (Burkina Faso & Cameroon) Niger-Congo 37 5.4 0 29.7 48.6 0 0 8.1 Cruciani2002
Fulbe (Guinea-Bissau) Niger-Congo 59 13.6 1.7 Rosa 2007
Fulbe (Sudan) Niger-Congo 26 0 0 0 0 34.6 0 0 53.8 0 Hassan 2008
Fulbe (Niger) Niger-Congo 7 14.3 Cruciani2010
Fur Nilo-Saharan 32 31.3 3.1 0 0 59.4 0 6.3 0 0 Hassan 2008
Ghana Niger-Congo 91 0 0 2.2 92.3 1.1 0 0 1.1 0 Wood 2005
Guinea-Bissau Niger-Congo 282 3.2 0.4 15.6 72.0 6.0 0.7 0 0.7 0 Rosa 2007
Hadza Hadza (Isolate) 80 0 57.5 26.2 15.0 Tishkoff 2007
Hausa (Sudan) Chadic 32 12.5 15.6 0 12.5 3.1 0 0 40.6 0 Hassan 2008
Hausa (Nigeria) Chadic 81 9 5 6 43 32 Nguidi 2024
Hema Niger-Congo 18 6 0 2.2 28 28 39 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Herero Niger-Congo 24 4.2 70.8 12.5 I = 4.2%; R1a = 4.2%. (Wood 2005)
Hutu (Rwanda) Niger-Congo 69 0 4 0 83 3 8 0 1 0 Luis 2004
Igbo Niger-Congo 209 A3b2=0 89.3 0 0 Veeramah 2010
Iraqw Cushitic 9 0 22 0 11 56 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Kanembu Nilo-Saharan 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 Shriner 2018
Khoisan Khoisan 90 47.7 14.4 0 24.4 6.7 2.2 1.1 0 0 Wood 2005
Khoisan Khoisan 183 44.3 11.5 0 23.0 16.4 1.6 0 1.6 0 Naidoo 2010
Khoisan (South Africa) Khoisan 129 33.3 12.4 0 35.7 14.7 3.9 0 0 0 Tishkoff 2007
Kikuyu & Kamba Niger-Congo 42 2 2 0 73 19 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
ǃKung Khoisan 64 36 8 0 39 11 6 0 0 0 Cruciani2002
Luo Nilo-Saharan 9 11 22 0 66 0 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Maasai Nilo-Saharan 26 27 8 0 16 50 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Malagasy Austronesian 35 0 8.6 0 34.3 0 8.6 5.7 0 O = 34.3% (Hurles 2005)
Mandinka Niger-Congo 39 5 3 3 79 8 3 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Mandinka (Guinea-Bissau) Niger-Congo 45 86.7 4.4 Rosa 2007
Masalit Nilo-Saharan 32 18.8 3.1 0 0 71.9 0 6.3 0 0 Hassan 2008
Mossi Niger-Congo 49 0 2 90 2 Tishkoff 2007
Namibia (Nama) Khoisan 11 64 0 0 18 9 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Nande Niger-Congo 18 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Niger–Congo Niger-Congo 705 2.7 9.6 4.5 68.2 3.9 6.9 0.1 1.4 0 Wood 2005
Nilo-Saharan Nilo-Saharan 91 12.1 35.2 0 29.7 14.3 8.8 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Nilo-Saharan Nilo-Saharan 345 23.2 17.4 9.9 33.9 2.6 6.1 Wood 2005, Hassan 2008,
Tishkoff 2007, Cruciani 2002
Nubians Nilo-Saharan, Semitic 39 0 7.7 0 0 23.1 0 43.6 10.3 0 Hassan 2008
Nuba Nilo-Saharan 28 46.4 14.3 0 0 39.3 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Nuer Nilo-Saharan 12 33.3 50 0 0 16.7 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Oromo (Ethiopia) Cushitic 78 10.3 1.3 0 62.8 1.3 3.8 0 5.1 Hassan 2008
Ouldeme Chadic 13 95.5 Cruciani2010
Pygmy (Mbuti) Nilo-Saharan 47 2 59 0 34 0 4 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Pygmy (Western) Niger-Congo 60 5 53.3 28.3 0 0 3.3 0 Berniell 2009
São Tomé and Príncipe Indo-European 150 1.3 0 0 84.0 0 0 8.7 0 Gonçalves 2008
Sandawe Sandawe (Isolate) 68 4 14 43 34 Tishkoff 2007
Senegalese Niger-Congo 139 0 0 5.0 81.3 6.5 2.9 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Shilluk Nilo-Saharan 15 53.3 26.7 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
Shuwa Arabs Semitic 5 40 Cruciani2010
Somalis Cushitic 201 0.5 1.0 0 1.5 81.1 0.5 3.0 0 10.4 R1a=1, Sanchez2005
South African Whites Indo-European 157 0 0 0.6 0.6 9.6 0 3.8 51.6 Others=33.8
Sudanese Arabs Semitic 102 2.9 0 0 0 16.7 0 47.1 15.7 0 Hassan 2008
South Sudan (Nilotic) Nilo-Saharan 81 50.6 24.7 0 0 24.7 0 0 0 Hassan 2008
West Sudan (Darfur) Nilo-Saharan 90 27.8 2.2 0 0 62.2 0 4.4 0 Hassan 2008
Tuareg (Burkina Faso) Berber 38 0 16.7 77.8 0 0 Pereira 2010
Tuareg (Mali) Berber 21 0 9.1 90.9 0 0 Pereira 2010
Tuareg (Niger) Berber 31 0 44.4 16.7 0 33.3 Pereira 2010
Tutsi (Rwanda) Niger-Congo 94 0 15 0 80 1 4 0 0 0 Luis 2004
Wolof Niger-Congo 34 0 0 12.0 68.0 12.0 3.0 0 0 Wood 2005
Yoruba Niger-Congo 13 0 8 0 92 0 0 0 0 0 Tishkoff 2007
Yoruba Niger-Congo 28 93.1 IHC 2005
Yoruba Niger-Congo 21 4.8 Cruciani 2010
Xhosa Niger-Congo 80 5 5 0 54 5 28 0 0 0 Wood 2005
Zulu Niger-Congo 29 3 20 0 55 0 21 0 0 0 Wood 2005
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