Valentin Turchin

Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin
Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin
Валентин Фёдорович Турчин
	Turchin in 1977
Born	February 14, 1931; Podolsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died	April 7, 2010 (aged 79); Oakland, New Jersey, U.S.
Nationality	Russian
Citizenship	Soviet Union (1931–1977); United States (1977–2010);
Alma mater	Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Known for	Creating Refal, a functional programming language; Founding the Principia Cybernetica Project; Human rights activism with participation in dissident movement in the Soviet Union;
Children	Peter Turchin; Dimitri Turchin
	Scientific career
Fields	cybernetics, computer science
Institutions	Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics; Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering; City College of New York; subsidiary of Amnesty International in the Soviet Union;

Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin (Russian: Валенти́н Фёдорович Турчи́н, 14 February 1931 – 7 April 2010) was a Soviet and American physicist, cybernetician, and computer scientist. He developed the Refal programming language, the theory of metasystem transitions and the notion of supercompilation. He was a pioneer in artificial intelligence and a proponent of the global brain hypothesis.