Treaty of London (1871)
Treaty of London (1871) was an international treaty signed on 13 March 1871 by Germany, Austria, the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and Italy
Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire Alexander Gorchakov on 31 October 1870 denounced the Black Sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris (1856), a step taken after France had been defeated by Prussia, and instigated by Count Bismarck to secure Russian neutrality in the war with France.