Steinberg representation

In mathematics, the Steinberg representation, or Steinberg module or Steinberg character, denoted by St, is a particular linear representation of a reductive algebraic group over a finite field or local field, or a group with a BN-pair. It is analogous to the 1-dimensional sign representation ε of a Coxeter or Weyl group that takes all reflections to –1.

For groups over finite fields, these representations were introduced by Robert Steinberg (1951, 1956, 1957), first for the general linear groups, then for classical groups, and then for all Chevalley groups, with a construction that immediately generalized to the other groups of Lie type that were discovered soon after by Steinberg, Suzuki and Ree. Over a finite field of characteristic p, the Steinberg representation has degree equal to the largest power of p dividing the order of the group.

The Steinberg representation is the Alvis–Curtis dual of the trivial 1-dimensional representation.

Matsumoto (1969), Shalika (1970), and Harish-Chandra (1973) defined analogous Steinberg representations (sometimes called special representations) for algebraic groups over local fields. For the general linear group GL(2), the dimension of the Jacquet module of a special representation is always one.