North Kosovo crisis (2011–2013)

2011–2013 North Kosovo crisis
2011–2013 North Kosovo crisis
Part of the Kosovo dispute
	Serb blockade of a road in North Kosovo
Date	25 July 2011 – 19 April 2013
Location	North Kosovo
Caused by	Republic of Kosovo's imposition of sovereignty on the whole territory of Kosovo according to Constitution of Kosovo; acquiring administrative stations located in North Kosovo.; Local Serbs' prevention of the imposition of Republic of Kosovo-enacted decrees within North Kosovo.;
Methods	Protests, road block protests, barricade, civil disobedience
Resulted in	North Kosovo referendum; Brussels Agreement;
Parties
Kosovo Serbs Supported by:; Serbia	Kosovo Kosovo Police; Kosovo Security Force; NATO Kosovo Force;
Lead figures
	No official leadership Hashim Thaçi; Atifete Jahjaga; Bajram Rexhepi Erhard Bühler; Erhard Drews; Volker Halbauer
Number
Thousands of Serb protesters	More than 200 police; Around 200 KFOR soldiers
Casualties and losses
3 Serbs killed and 162 others non-fatally injured	1 Kosovan policeman killed and 7 others non-fatally injured 65 KFOR soldiers non-fatally injured

Clashes between the Republic of Kosovo and ethnic Serbs in northern Kosovo began on 25 July 2011 when the Kosovo Police crossed into the Serb-controlled municipalities of North Kosovo, to control several administrative border crossings. This was done without the Kosovo Police consulting either Serbia or Kosovo Force (KFOR)/EULEX (European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo). Though tensions between the two sides eased somewhat after the intervention of NATO's KFOR forces, they remained high amid concern from the European Union, which also blamed Kosovo for the unilateral provocation. On 19 April 2013, an agreement was signed in Brussels between representatives of Kosovo and Serbia. The 15-point document granted devolved powers to North Kosovo regarding economic development, education, healthcare and urban planning, and several mechanisms that allowed a certain autonomy in justice, policing and electoral matters.