Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride crystals in a form of halite | |
Crystal structure with sodium in purple and chloride in green | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Sodium chloride | |
Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 3534976 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.726 |
| EC Number |
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| 13673 | |
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | Sodium+chloride |
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| NaCl | |
| Molar mass | 58.443 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless cubic crystals |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 2.17 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 800.7 °C (1,473.3 °F; 1,073.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,413 °C (2,575 °F; 1,686 K) |
| 360 g/L (25 °C) | |
| Solubility in ammonia | 21.5 g/L |
| Solubility in methanol | 13.75 g/L |
| −30.2·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.5441 (at 589 nm) |
| Structure | |
| Face-centered cubic (see text), cF8 | |
| Fm3m (No. 225) | |
a = 564.02 pm | |
Formula units (Z) |
4 |
| octahedral at Na+ octahedral at Cl− | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
50.5 J/(K·mol) |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
72.10 J/(K·mol) |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−411.120 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| A12CA01 (WHO) B05CB01 (WHO), B05XA03 (WHO), S01XA03 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
3 g/kg (oral, rats) |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions |
Sodium fluoride Sodium bromide Sodium iodide Sodium astatide |
Other cations |
Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Rubidium chloride Caesium chloride Francium chloride |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Sodium chloride (data page) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is deicing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.