Martinez v. Ryan

Martinez v. Ryan
Argued October 4, 2011
Decided March 20, 2012
Full case nameLuis Mariano Martinez v. Charles L. Ryan, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections
Docket no.10-1001
Citations566 U.S. 1 (more)
132 S. Ct. 1309; 182 L. Ed. 2d 272
ArgumentOral argument
Case history
PriorMartinez v. Schriro, 623 F.3d 731 (9th Cir. 2010)
SubsequentMartinez v. Ryan, 680 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 2012)
Court membership
Chief Justice
John Roberts
Associate Justices
Antonin Scalia · Anthony Kennedy
Clarence Thomas · Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen Breyer · Samuel Alito
Sonia Sotomayor · Elena Kagan
Case opinions
MajorityKennedy, joined by Roberts, Ginsburg, Breyer, Alito, Sotomayor, and Kagan
DissentScalia, joined by Thomas

Martinez v. Ryan, 566 U.S. 1 (2012) was a United States Supreme Court case that created a small exception to a previous ruling, Coleman v. Thompson. Normally, if a prisoner misses a deadline to file an appeal under state law, federal courts can’t review their case—even if their lawyer made a mistake. Coleman had ruled that ineffective assistance of counsel during appeals doesn’t excuse this kind of procedural default.

However, the Martinez decision said that in very specific situations—where state law requires prisoners to raise claims of ineffective lawyers after their trial and doesn’t provide them with proper legal help—then a federal court can still hear their case. This exception applies only if the prisoner never got a real chance to fairly argue their constitutional claim.