MUL1

MUL1
Identifiers
Aliases	MUL1, C1orf166, GIDE, MAPL, MULAN, RNF218, mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 612037; MGI: 1915600; HomoloGene: 11576; GeneCards: MUL1; OMA:MUL1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	20,508,151 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	138,169,576 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	apex of heart; ; left ventricle; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; muscle of thigh; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; islet of Langerhans; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; right auricle of heart; ; muscle layer of sigmoid colon; ; right adrenal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	facial motor nucleus; ; spermatocyte; ; motor neuron; ; spermatid; ; seminiferous tubule; ; interventricular septum; ; substantia nigra; ; muscle of thigh; ; yolk sac; ; Epithelium of choroid plexus;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	SUMO transferase activity; signal transducer activity; metal ion binding; ubiquitin-protein transferase activity; protein binding; identical protein binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; transferase activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; membrane; peroxisome; integral component of mitochondrial outer membrane; axon; mitochondrial outer membrane; soma; mitochondrion;
Biological process	negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling; positive regulation of mitochondrial fission; regulation of protein stability; mitochondrial fission; regulation of mitochondrion organization; negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production; mitochondrion localization; negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway; protein stabilization; positive regulation of protein sumoylation; protein sumoylation; regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; negative regulation of defense response to virus by host; regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; negative regulation of cell growth; protein ubiquitination; protein destabilization; cellular response to exogenous dsRNA; negative regulation of innate immune response; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of dendrite extension; negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion; activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; apoptotic process; organelle organization; positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	79594
	68350
	ENSG00000090432
	ENSMUSG00000041241
	Q969V5
	Q8VCM5
	NM_024544
	NM_026689
	NP_078820
	NP_080965
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (MUL1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MUL1 gene on chromosome 1. This enzyme localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it regulates mitochondrial morphology and apoptosis through multiple pathways, including the Akt, JNK, and NF-κB. Its proapoptotic function thus implicates it in cancer and Parkinson's disease.