Senior societies are a type of collegiate student organization that recruits juniors and seniors. Senior societies are associated with Dartmouth College, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. These societies can be activity-based, identity-based, school-based (departmental or academic field), or traditional. Senior societies may be "landed", owning a building or tomb, or "non-landed".
Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1883), notes that Phi Beta Kappa, founded at the College of William & Mary in 1776, was the first senior society. At Dartmouth University, senior societies date back to 1783 with the founding of an organization called the Society of Social Friends. Dartmouth currently had fourteen active senior societies. Yale has more than forty active senior societies. The oldest senior society at Yale is Skull and Bones, established in 1831, followed by Scroll and Key in 1841. Other colleges have similar organizations but use different terminology. For example, there are Princeton University eating clubs and Harvard University final clubs.
Senior societies tend to be exclusive, and members pay dues to belong. Members are most often recruited by a process called "tapping". Membership in each senior society tends to be small, averaging around fifteen active members. Some senior societies are also secret societies, where the names of members are kept secret, while others are open and share their membership rolls. Other senior societies are semi-secret, keeping member's names a secret until graduation. Some senior societies also are considered honor societies.
Following is an incomplete list of collegiate senior societies.
| Society |
Charter date and range |
Institution |
Type |
References |
| Abaris |
1996 |
Dartmouth College |
Activity-based |
|
| Agaia |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Agora |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Andromeda |
2013 |
Dartmouth College |
Identity-based |
|
| The Apostles |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Atlas |
|
Dartmouth College |
Traditional |
|
| Aurelian Honor Society |
1910 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| B&C |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| BaR |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Bell Senior Society |
2014 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Activity-based |
|
| Belmonte |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Berzelius (secret society) |
1848 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Beta Omega |
1841–xxxx ? |
Kenyon College |
Traditional |
|
| Book and Snake |
1863 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| C&D |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Cage and Feather |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Cane Club |
1921– xxxx ? |
Johns Hopkins University |
Traditional |
|
| Carriage Senior Society |
2013 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Identity-based |
|
| Casque and Gauntlet |
1886 |
Dartmouth College |
Activity-based |
|
| Ceres Athena |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| C.C.C. |
1876–xxxx ? |
University of California, Berkely |
|
|
| Chimera |
1914 |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional |
|
| Cipactli Latinx Honor Society |
2001 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Identity-based |
|
| Cloak and Dagger |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Cobra |
1978 |
Dartmouth College |
Identity-based |
|
| Cong |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Cup and Crown |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| De Gang |
1891–1910s |
Johns Hopkins University |
Traditional |
|
| Delta Kappa Delta (local) |
18xx ?–xxxx ? |
Marietta College |
Traditional |
|
| Deru |
1896 |
Northwestern University |
Activity-based |
|
| Desmos |
1950–1967, 2010 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Double Cuffs |
2010 |
Yale University |
|
|
| Dragon Society |
1898 |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional, secret |
|
| DSG |
1989 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Elephant and Coffin |
18xx ?–xxxx ? |
City College of New York |
Traditional |
|
| Elihu Club |
1903 |
Yale University |
Traditional |
|
| Fire and Skoal |
1975 |
Dartmouth College |
Identity-based |
|
| Fork & Knife |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Friars Senior Society |
1899 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Traditional |
|
| Griffin |
1995 |
Dartmouth College |
Activity-based |
|
| Gryphon |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Gryphon Senior Society |
2020 |
University of Pennsylvania |
School-based |
|
| Helios Society |
2015 |
Yale University |
|
|
| Hexagon |
1910 |
University of Pennsylvania |
School-based |
|
| Ink and Needle |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Innominatum |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Iris |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| ISO |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Kinoki Senior Society |
2014 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Activity-based |
|
| Lantern Society |
1993 |
University of Pennsylvania |
School-based |
|
| LC |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Leviathan |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Lincoln |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Linonian Society |
1753–xxxx ?, 19xx ? |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Lion's Paw Senior Society |
1908 |
Pennsylvania State University |
Activity-based |
|
| Looking Glass |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Mace and Chain |
1956 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Manuscript Society |
1951 |
Yale University |
Traditional |
|
| Mortar Board |
1918 |
National |
Traditional |
|
| Myth and Sword |
1875–1965, 199x ? |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Nacoms |
1898 |
Columbia University |
Activity-based |
|
| Nathan Hale |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Nightingales |
2011 |
University of Pennsylvania |
School-based |
|
| Octa |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Olympus |
2014 |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional |
|
| Onyx Senior Society |
1974 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Identity-based |
|
| Oracle Senior Society |
2003 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Identity-based |
|
| Order of the Sirens |
2007 |
Dartmouth College |
Indentity-based |
|
| Osiris |
2016 |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional |
|
| Osiris Senior Society |
2013 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Activity-based |
|
| Osiris Society |
1903 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Traditional |
|
| Owl and Key |
1909 |
University of Utah |
Traditional |
|
| Owl and Serpent |
18xx ?–xxxx ? |
Wesleyan University |
Traditional |
|
| Owl and Wand |
1868–1960s |
Wesleyan University |
Traditional |
|
| OX |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Palaeopitus Senior Society |
1899 |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional |
|
| Pew |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Phi Chi |
18xx ?–xxxx ? |
Bowdoin College |
Traditional |
|
| Phoenix |
1984 |
Dartmouth College |
Identity-based |
|
| The Pithotomy Club |
1893–1992 |
Johns Hopkins University |
School-based |
|
| Phrygian |
2005 |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional |
|
| Praetorian |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Prince |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| The Pundits |
1884 |
Yale University |
Activity-based |
|
| Pyxis |
2014 |
Dartmouth College |
Identity-based |
|
| Quill and Dagger |
1883 |
Cornell University |
Traditional |
|
| Red Dragon Society |
1898 |
New York University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Red Mask |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Ring and Candle |
xxxx ?–c. 1975, 2015 |
Yale University |
|
|
| Sachems |
1915 |
Columbia University |
Activity-based |
|
| Sage and Chalice |
|
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| St. Elmo Society |
1963 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Scarabbean Senior Society |
1915 |
University of Tennessee |
Activity-based, secret |
|
| Scroll and Key |
1842 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| The Senior Society |
1892 |
Johns Hopkins University |
Traditional |
|
| Shamash Senior Society |
2018 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Identity-based |
|
| Sigma Society |
1880 |
Washington and Lee University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Skull and Bones |
1832 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Skull & Keys |
1882–c. 1980 |
University of California, Berkeley |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Snakes Society |
1993 |
University of Pennsylvania |
School-based |
|
| Society of Fox and Chariot |
2015 |
Yale University |
|
|
| Spade and Grave |
1864 |
Yale University |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Sphinx |
1885 |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional, secret |
|
| Sphinx Head |
1890 |
Cornell University |
Activity-based |
|
| Sphinx Senior Society |
1900 |
University of Pennsylvania |
Traditional |
|
| Society of Saint Thomas Aquinas (aka Aquinas) |
2010 |
Yale University |
Traditional |
|
| Society of Social Friends |
1783–xxxx ? |
Dartmouth College |
Traditional |
|
| Tau Club |
1891–1911 |
Johns Hopkins University |
Traditional |
|
| TDC |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| Torch Honor Society |
1916–196x ?, 1995 |
Yale University |
Traditional |
|
| Trident and Shell |
18xx ?–xxxx ? |
University of Michigan |
Traditional |
|
| Tyger |
1892 |
Dartmouth College |
Senior Men |
|
| Whiskey and Coke |
|
Yale University |
|
|
| WIPS (Women in Power Society) |
|
Yale University |
Identity-based |
|
| Wolf's Head Society |
1883 |
Yale University |
Traditional |
|
| XV |
|
Yale University |
|
|