Kalvari-class submarine (2015)

The Kalvari-class submarines (lit. 'Tiger shark'), formally classified as the Project-75 submarines (P-75), is a class of diesel-electric attack submarines operated by the Indian Navy (IN). Built by a syndicate of French and Indian shipyards, namely, Naval Group and Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) respectively, the class is an export derivative of the French-origin Scorpène-class submarine, originally designed by Naval Group.

A namesake of the former Foxtrot-class submarines that the IN operated between 1967 and 2010, the class was originally planned in the late-1990s as an initial phase of a 30-year long naval rearmament roadmap to replace the IN's conventional submarine fleet, namely the Sindhughosh and Shishumar-class submarines. India's Ministry of Defence (MoD) placed an order of six submarines in 2005, at a cost of ₹23,562 crore (equivalent to ₹800 billion or US$9.5 billion in 2023). The last of the first batch of submarines entered service on 15 January 2025. A repeat order for another batch of 3 submarines is to be placed in February 2025 at a cost of ₹38,000 crore (US$4.5 billion).

First introduced to operational service in 2017, the submarines are currently operated by the IN for a variety of missions, namely, littoral surveillance, intelligence gathering, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare and minelaying operations.