Herbert Kappler

Herbert Kappler
Kappler in custody, 1946
Born23 September 1907
Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire
Died9 February 1978 (aged 70)
Soltau, Lower Saxony, West Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Branch Schutzstaffel
Years of service1932–1945
RankSS-Obersturmbannführer
UnitGestapo
CommandsKommandeur der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD in Rome
Criminal conviction
ConvictionsItalian Military Tribunal
War crimes (Ardeatine massacre)
Criminal penaltyLife imprisonment

Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. He served as the commander of German security police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. Following the end of the war, Kappler stood trial in Italy and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He escaped from a prison hospital with the help of his wife shortly before his death in West Germany in 1978.