Haplogroup R-M269
| Haplogroup R-M269 | |
|---|---|
Projected spatial frequency distribution for haplogroup R-M269 in Europe. | |
| Possible time of origin | 4,000–10,000 BP |
| Possible place of origin | controversial; most likely North Caucasus, associated with Indo-European migrations |
| Ancestor | R1b1a1a (R-P297) |
| Descendants | L23; L51/M412, L151/P310; Z2103 |
| Defining mutations | M269 |
Haplogroup R-M269 is the sub-clade of human Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b that is defined by the SNP marker M269. According to ISOGG 2020 it is phylogenetically classified as R1b1a1b. It underwent intensive research and was previously classified as R1b1a2 (2003 to 2005), R1b1c (2005 to 2008), R1b1b2 (2008 to 2011) and R1b1a1a2 (2011 to 2020).
The oldest R-M269 samples have been found in the northern Caucasus region.
R-M269 is of particular interest for the genetic history of Western Europe, being the most common European haplogroup. It increases in frequency on an east to west gradient (its prevalence in Poland estimated at 22.7%, compared to Wales at 92.3%). It is carried by approximately 110 million European men (2010 estimate). The age of the mutation M269 is estimated at 4,000 to 10,000 years ago.