Glipizide

Glipizide
Clinical data
Trade names	Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a684060
License data	US DailyMed: Glipizide;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Drug class	Sulfonylurea
ATC code	A10BB07 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (regular formulation); 90% (extended release)
Protein binding	98 to 99%
Metabolism	Liver hydroxylation
Elimination half-life	2 to 5 hours
Excretion	Kidney and fecal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N-(4-[N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenethyl)-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxamide;
CAS Number	29094-61-9 ;
PubChem CID	3478;
IUPHAR/BPS	6821;
DrugBank	DB01067 ;
ChemSpider	3359 ;
UNII	X7WDT95N5C;
KEGG	D00335 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:5384 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1073 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0040676 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.044.919
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H27N5O4S
Molar mass	445.54 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	208 to 209 °C (406 to 408 °F)
	SMILES O=C(c1ncc(nc1)C)NCCc2ccc(cc2)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC3CCCCC3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H27N5O4S/c1-15-13-24-19(14-23-15)20(27)22-12-11-16-7-9-18(10-8-16)31(29,30)26-21(28)25-17-5-3-2-4-6-17/h7-10,13-14,17H,2-6,11-12H2,1H3,(H,22,27)(H2,25,26,28) ; Key:ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within half an hour and can last for up to a day.

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, low blood sugar, and headache. Other side effects include sleepiness, skin rash, and shakiness. The dose may need to be adjusted in those with liver or kidney disease. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended. It works by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin.

Glipizide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 42nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 14 million prescriptions.