Glutathione reductase

GSR
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1BWC, 1DNC, 1GRA, 1GRB, 1GRE, 1GRF, 1GRG, 1GRH, 1GRT, 1GSN, 1K4Q, 1XAN, 2AAQ, 2GH5, 2GRT, 3DJG, 3DJJ, 3DK4, 3DK8, 3DK9, 3GRS, 3GRT, 4GR1, 4GRT, 5GRT, 1ALG, 3SQP
Identifiers
Aliases	GSR, HEL-75, HEL-S-122m, glutathione reductase, glutathione-disulfide reductase, GR, GSRD
External IDs	OMIM: 138300; MGI: 95804; HomoloGene: 531; GeneCards: GSR; OMA:GSR - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (human)
End	30,727,846 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (mouse)
End	34,188,191 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	pylorus; ; islet of Langerhans; ; epithelium of nasopharynx; ; renal medulla; ; mucosa of pharynx; ; mucosa of paranasal sinus; ; seminal vesicula; ; rectum; ; duodenum; ; palpebral conjunctiva;
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; tibiofemoral joint; ; cumulus cell; ; mucous cell of stomach; ; right kidney; ; stroma of bone marrow; ; molar; ; proximal tubule; ; epithelium of stomach; ; pyloric antrum;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	flavin adenine dinucleotide binding; glutathione-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity; NADP binding; oxidoreductase activity; oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor; electron transfer activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrion; extracellular exosome; external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion; glutathione metabolic process; cell redox homeostasis; cellular oxidant detoxification; cellular response to oxidative stress; electron transport chain;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2936
	14782
	ENSG00000104687
	ENSMUSG00000031584
	P00390
	P47791
	NM_001195104; NM_000637; NM_001195102; NM_001195103
	NM_010344
	NP_000628; NP_001182031; NP_001182032; NP_001182033
	NP_034474
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene. Glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form glutathione (GSH), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell. Glutathione reductase functions as dimeric disulfide oxidoreductase and utilizes an FAD prosthetic group and NADPH to reduce one molar equivalent of GSSG to two molar equivalents of GSH:

The glutathione reductase is conserved between all kingdoms. In bacteria, yeasts, and animals, one glutathione reductase gene is found; however, in plant genomes, two GR genes are encoded. Drosophila and trypanosomes do not have any GR at all. In these organisms, glutathione reduction is performed by either the thioredoxin or the trypanothione system, respectively.