External debt of India

The external debt of India is the debt the country owes to foreign creditors. The debtors can be the Union government, state governments, corporations or citizens of India. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.

India's external debt data is published quarterly, with a lag of one quarter. Statistics for the first two quarters of the calendar year are compiled and published by the Reserve Bank of India. Data for the last two quarters is compiled and published by the Ministry of Finance. The Government of India also publishes an annual status report on the debt which contains detailed statistical analysis of the country's external debt position.

At end-June 2024, India’s external debt was placed at US$682 billion which is record high. The external debt to GDP ratio declined to 18.8 per cent at end-June 2024 from 21.2 per cent at end-March 2021.

The foreign currency reserves is at US$652.9 billion as on 13 December 2024. It was US$619 billion as on 25 March 2022 compared to US$579 billion at the end of March 2021 & compared to over US$474 billion at the end of March 2020. Hence the foreign currency reserves as a ratio to external debt is at 96%.

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