Djelal ed-Din Korkmasov
Djelal ed-Din Korkmasov | |
|---|---|
| Qorqmas Celaletdin Къоркъмас Желалетдин Джелал-эд-Дин Коркмасов | |
Korkmasov photographed by Fridtjof Nansen, 1925 | |
| Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| In office 5 December 1921 – 29 December 1931 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Karim Mammadbeyov |
| Chairman of the Dagestan Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) | |
| In office 11 April 1920 – 26 November 1920 | |
| Preceded by | Position re-established |
| Succeeded by | Boris Sheboldayev |
| Chairman of the Dagestan Regional Executive Committee of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus | |
| In office 5 August 1917 – April 1918 | |
| Commissar | Basiyat Shakhanov |
| Preceded by | Ibrahim Gaydarov |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 October 1877 Kumtorkala, Dagestan Oblast, Caucasus Viceroyalty (now Republic of Dagestan, Russia) |
| Died | 27 September 1937 (aged 59) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia) |
| Cause of death | Execution by firing squad |
| Political party | All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik) (from 1919) |
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Djelal ed-Din Aselder oğlu Korkmasov (1 October [O.S. 19 September] 1877 – 27 September 1937) was a Dagestani revolutionary and Soviet politician who served as Chairman of the Dagestan Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) in 1920 and as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1921 to 1931. Despite originally being a Menshevik or anarchist, he led the Bolsheviks to victory over various anti-communist groups in the Russian Civil War, and he is sometimes described as the founder of Dagestan.
Born into a family of Kumyk nobility, Korkmasov was the first Dagestani to study at the University of Paris, and he was a leader of anti-government protests by peasants during the Russian Revolution of 1905. In exile, he supported the Young Turks before returning to Russia in May 1917, amidst the Russian Revolution. He led the Dagestan Socialist Group, a non-Bolshevik left-wing party within the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, and led the party to a landslide victory in the August 1917 regional election. He was a political rival to Najmuddin of Gotzo and the Dagestan National Committee, and following the First Battle of Port-Petrovsk he joined the Bolsheviks, quickly becoming their leader in Dagestan. Taken prisoner by forces under the control of the Ottoman Empire and warlord Lazar Bicherakhov in late September 1918, later leaving prison and joining an anti-White Russian insurgency that led to him becoming leader of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
As leader of Dagestan Korkmasov invested heavily in agricultural improvement and development, taking inspiration from Benito Mussolini's drainage of Italian marshes. He was also involved in Turkic affairs, helping to draft the Yañalif Latin-script Turkic alphabet and negotiating and signing the 1921 Treaty of Moscow between Russia and Turkey. He was appointed to the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union in 1931 before later being executed during the Great Purge.