Aretas IV Philopatris

Aretas IV Philopatris (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢊𐢛𐢞𐢞 𐢛𐢊𐢒 𐢗𐢓𐢆, Ḥārītaṯ Rāḥem-ʿammeh "Aretas, friend of his people") was the King of the Arab Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to 40 AD.

His daughter Phasaelis was married to, and divorced from, Herod Antipas. Herod then married his stepbrother's wife, Herodias. It was opposition to this marriage that led to the beheading of John the Baptist. After he received news of the divorce, Aretas invaded the territory of Herod Antipas and defeated his army. Like his predecessors, the king's name as transcribed in Arabic is الحارث Al-Ḥāriṯ or الحارثة Al-Ḥāriṯa, stemming from Harith which means "the collector, provider; plowman; cultivator".

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